Japan

According to estimates a total of 537 clusters are reported to exist throughout Japan. While the economic significance of these clusters varies widely from clusters producing primarily for exports to clusters producing indigenous goods, little known outside Japan. 

Clusters differ from each other owing to differences in historical circumstances, demand conditions, supporting industries, and competitive conditions that characterize their evolution. Some clusters arose from peculiar historical conditions while others developed through the confluence of various economic conditions.

The 14 important clusters of Japan are in the range of products including silk, cotton, and synthetic fabrics; apparel; ceramic goods; general machinery; automobile parts; binoculars; silverware and cutlery; hand tools; and eyeglass frames.